Tuesday, August 6, 2013

Part 1: Transformational vs Transactional Teaching

Last week, I traveled to Bethel University in St. Paul Minnesota for day long workshop to get certified as a head coach.

I am a co-head coach for the baseball team at Dassel Cokato High School, and have been for a number of years. The state of Minnesota has decided that you must have a certificate for the job. I'm fully qualified for the job, actually had a coaching license from graduate work, but no one seemed to care and that lapsed a decade or so ago.....

You know how it is sometimes, when the directive comes down from above. You "have" to do something. So it was for this endeavor.

Here is where the good stuff shows up.

Dr. Jeff Duke 3D-Coaching
The message from the day was all about building relationships with people that just happen to be athletes under your direction. Dr. Jeff Duke spoke of the above, follow the link to his presentation. Most of us in the coaching profession are in tune with the bottom two parts of the pyramid. We can train the body with repetition to field a ground ball and throw strikes. We can help the athletes to focus and be motivated.

Few of us get to the top: where body, mind and spirit fuse to make the athlete whole.

A great deal of the day was about looking at coaching styles. I started thinking about teaching styles and how I relate with students. Briefly, the two extremes of coaching style would be the transactional coach. That would be a coach in control of everything. Here is an example. The transformational coach makes connections with athletes and tries to get to the spirit and soul of the athlete.

Sitting and listening to the day's worth of coaching instruction made me think about my classroom and where am I on that axis of teaching. A transactional teacher is one who is total control of what happens in the classroom. It is all about the process of what goes on and control. The key word is process: it is about the doing of instruction. A transformational teacher is about the being of instruction. The classroom is about the relationships established through conversation and modeling.

I want to be a transformational teacher. The classroom should not be about the curriculum, it should be about the relationship with the learner. And shouldn't we be the head servant/learner in our classroom. This is about leadership for our students and we must lead in learning. Science classrooms, whether biology, chemistry, physics......whatever class has the same curriculum: the same.

What is different is you or I. How are we going to be the difference for the learners? We have to be the difference.

Our students need to see our deep spirit of learning.

For us to be transformational teachers, think about these:

  1. Be a thermostat. If we start out hot for the content and enthusiastic, our students will see that deep spirit of learning on the outside of us. What drove us to our field of study? I love the term, field of study.....a wide open, not finite corner of the planet. The field of biology is an open space deserving of exploring! Whatever your field of study, it is the same for you as well. Demonstrate that deep spirit that drew you to the subject. Don't be a thermometer, be a thermostat.
  2. Connect: connect with your students. Find out what they are interested in. They learn things outside of your classroom, without your guidance. Tie into that somehow. We want self-directed learners, start connecting with them. Then connect with the colleagues in your department, then connect with the colleagues in your building, then connect to the world. Find ways to dialogue with students and other professionals. Don't work in isolation.
  3. Get creative in your teaching. Get entrepreneurial in the classroom and take some risks.
  4. Find a way to make this sustainable change for your classroom. You can't do this by yourself. Build a team of support that can keep you fresh and on an even track. Our buildings are full of staff that can and will support us. We need to find those people and ask for help. Then we need to find the people who are not like that and be a leader for them to lead them to transformational teaching.
Our students deserve to see our spirit and soul for learning. Get into the being of the subject you teach and passed the doing of just teaching it.

If we capture the heart and soul of our student/learners there will be change in our classroom for the better.

  • learners will be more attentive
  • learners will work harder
  • learners will be adaptable to their future
  • learners will be more creative and insightful
  • learners will have a deeper relationship with us



Monday, June 24, 2013

Set The Hook........

5 Days!

The Sams challenged us with the 5-5-5-5.

What have you done since then?

I've been thinking about #PBL and the #Driving Question....and hooks.

Ramsey Musallam presented us with something at #Flipcon13. He spoke of hooks.

Ideas that can be morphed into full blown inquiry.

What do you when you want to generate ideas?

I like to perform meditative labor. For me that looks like shoveling snow or mowing lawns or cleaning toilets.

What about hooks for teaching biology? I've generated a few. These hooks are a model for students and specific to the area of the world I live in, that is the middle of rural Minnesota. My home, neighborhood, school and life are engulfed in corn fields, lakes and glacial moraines. The relevance makers we create here should be for here and of here, for these students and the meaning they make.

Some ideas:


  • water: within 15km of my house there are wetlands, creeks, rivers and lakes and what we dump, flush and throw into the water remains in the water. How do these contaminants (biocides, pharmaceuticals, hormones) impact what uses the water....us included?
  • monoculture agriculture: we're a blight away from economic collapse
  • GMO: that is debate in itself
  • invasive species: you gottem? we've gottem? How do influence the balance and biodiversity here?
  • climate change and agriculture: can we keep growing the crops we do?
  • biofuels: growing corn and soy for the purpose of replacing fossil fuels? Is that a good use of land?
  • corn: what isn't it used for? high fructose corn syrup, plastics, fuel, livestock feed
  • crops and photosynthesis: why have we chosen the crops we have
  • genetic engineering: how have yields of agriculture changed?
  • lead: from shotgun shells, sinkers and tire weights What happens to it in the environment?
  • confinement livestock: chickens, hogs, eggs and manure
  • biomagnification/bioaccumulation: we're sitting at the top of the food/energy web, What are we eating and what is in it?
I learn biology along with my students. Taking any of these hooks through the filter of biology finds application everywhere.....whether at the molecular, cellular or organismal level....even bigger to populations or evolutionary level. 

Making Meaning 

How do we make meaning that our students can find interest and the desire to ask questions? I think that through modeling early in their career and not allowing them to play the game. We don't get to play the game, we have "driving questions" and have to find the answers of our own accord. 

That ought be a focus of our classroom culture.

As they filter into Rm 103 a couple of months from now, I need to get to know them and their minds. Building relationships of trust and collaboration, the questions will at first be borrowed, then built from the ground up. 

I want students to make their own "hooks". That will be the ultimate meaning for them. Every hook will be different because the students are different, each with different questions and ways to frame their  life and wonders. How cool is that?

It has now been 5 days since Flipcon13. This is what one of a few things I've been working on....and no where near finished.

Saturday, June 22, 2013

Reflection on a Big Year

Reflections from 12-13

It is so interesting to look back at what the past called the future to be.

The first part of this document was part of a reflection asked of me by my principal. I wrote in the heat of battle and coming out a semester of trial and error.  

Failure is a great teacher, and there was a lot of it this year.....but then along with failure come opportunities to learn. 

Learning for me, was the key and foundation to successful year of transition.

Smiling and reading my thoughts of transformation in my classroom and more importantly how students are transformed in the classroom environment we shared in 2012 - 2013.

For your reading pleasure......or not.

Dassel-Cokato High School
Professional Development Goal 2012-13 (Self-Study)


Teacher __________Mark Peterson_____________    Date ____30 November 2012   Follow-up date (s) ____________________

Using the Frameworks for Teaching and reflecting upon your teaching this past year or your preparation to this point…

Domain 3: Instruction

What has gone well for you?  This has been an amazing year so far. I think that the school year got off to a great start in setting up my classroom with two huge transformational movements: Standards Based Grading and Flipped Classroom. It has been revitalizing with both of these efforts. The SBG has been a hard look at what I do, how I teach and comparing that to standards as set up by the National Science Standards as well as the Minnesota Science Standards. In pushing students toward mastery of these standards, I have to reflect on what I do to help them get to that level of understanding and really become self-motivated learners. That is where the Flipped Mastery Model comes into play and hopefully providing adequate content and background for the students to achieve mastery of content/standards. This year, I’ve been down next to these students having conversations, asking questions of understanding and using formative assessment (in a documenting, formal way) more than any time in my career. The classroom has become the practice field…work has become practice for the summative assessment that will determine first of all what they have learned and secondly, what their grade is. The goal to say when this trimester comes to an end, more learning than ever will have occurred. 

What area(s) of your teaching would you like to improve? This year has seen many challenges with regards to keeping the content relevant and connected to student interest. I’ve been focusing so much on the standards, that I’ve lost some hooks that in the past would bring students to the Engage part of the learning cycle. So far, there has been some Explore, but without the Engage part, the hook part, the rest of the cycle is difficult to bring about. I would like to keep the SBG going well and bring in either case studies or Project Based Learning problems….both of which provided the “hook” that I’m looking for in biology. Without relevance, we fight an uphill battle in the classroom. Some students play the game of school. I want students to be active participants in what they decide to study. Both the case study approach and PBL do that…I’d like to implement some of that second trimester.

Goal(s) (Specific - Measurable - Attainable - Results Oriented - Time Bound) 

Goal sources: *Frameworks for Teaching Areas *My self-reflections ideas *Building Goals *District Goals *Other

**For 2012-13 please consider a goal from Domain 3 of the Danielson Framework, self-evaluate and select 1 or 2 goals related to these topics.  If you feel these areas do not meet your needs, discuss with Dean and possibly select a goal that is relevant to your assignment from another source.

Action Plan:  State strategies, activities or steps you'll take to achieve the goal(s).  Indicate approximate date when each step will be accomplished.
There are a couple of components that jump out when I look at Domain 3 of the frameworks: 3c engaging students in learning and 3d using assessment for instruction.

3c: As I mentioned above, the course needs to be relevant to what students need to know about biology. Using current events or things of interest to students is the best way to address this learning. For example: we are approaching a unit in biology second trimester about energy and cellular processes. If you have a vested curiosity in these things, it goes well. But that applies to 3 of 100 students. The hook here, I think, is in energy drinks, and how they work. Students know about Monster, 5 hour energy…..many have used them for one reason or another. How do they work, if they work at all? In the news of late, there have been deaths tied to these substances….high interest, high relevance and the hook. Students can identify the issue, ask investigative questions and look at what the research says about these products. Then come to their own conclusions….then share data with peers. I think this could be a powerful statement for biology and its relevance in their lives. As far as action plan, this will occur in the second trimester of this school year and then keep adding layers of PBL or case studies as the course progresses.

3d: My gradebook to date is full of formative assessments of better yet, I like to call them informative assessments because it offers information to myself and the student about learning. It offers me feedback about what students have learned and need to learn. It also offers the students descriptive feedback about where the holes are in what they know and what they need to know to get to mastery/proficiency. I hope to continue to assess on a daily basis against the standards that I am teaching. Assessments have included Moodle assessments and quizzes that offer an amazing disaggregation of data, along with the use of spreadsheet manipulation of data to sort through and identify strengths and weaknesses of learning, classroom assessments using whiteboards or cards to “check for understanding” and just plain old fashion “sit down here and tell me what you know about x.” Action plan and dates: this is an ongoing and evolving process. The evolution includes what is happening in my classroom, how students are using the information from the formative assessments, how I’m using the FA, and how parents transition to understanding the purpose and point of assessments that don’t immediately impact grades, but eventually do. I will continue to work with the understanding of students in this process, continue to inform parents on how this “works.”

Method of measuring results (How I prove I worked on my goals):
Artifacts that could speak to my goal…
3c: Over the course of the year, students will have the opportunity to create their own knowledge about a topic. They will demonstrate that in the form of an assessment: perhaps a poster, prezi, powerpoint, essay, podcast….it will be up to them to choose the method to demonstrate what they have learned. I want them to be waving what they have learned in my face, to demonstrate mastery of a topic by a method of their choice and construction.

3d:  The artifact will be my gradebook. Take a look at the number of assessments and how the practice leads to mastery of a topic. Students will have repeated attempts at a topic to practice and gather the momentum to achieve mastery (I define mastery of a score of 75% or 3 out of 4). Students will produce numerous artifacts: formative assessment scores or whatever.


I wrote this at the end of the school year.....

Assessment of Results: To be completed by the teacher and reviewed by the principal when completed.
Check - Goal(s) was/were:

_____ Fully achieved __X___ Partially achieved _____ Not achieved

Explanation of Assessment:

This was a grand undertaking for the year. To engage in a standards based classroom and create a flipped environment all in the same year, yikes. In reflecting on the year, I would say it was a success for myself, the students and the department. Let me start with the department. That was not an easy transition for all the members. I don’t know if the department yet buys into all the tenets of what a SBG classroom should, ought look like. It has made us talk about assessment: formative and summative in ways that we have never spoken of before. It has made us talk about student learning in ways that we have never spoken before. It has made us talk to each other about what and why we do like we never have before. It has made all of us reflect on our profession and student learning, probably made us a bit queasy about the uncertainty of how and why we are doing SBG, but it is made us a better department. I never began this venture with that in mind, but the ripple effect was strong. My students are in a better place. I focused on student learning and trying to engage them individually, trying to help them learn their best way. I feel that I know this group of biology students far better than any other group I’ve worked with. I know how they think about things because I’ve had conversations with them, squatted down at their desk or pulled them over to my corner of the room to interview them about biological concepts and their understanding or mis understandings. Watching 2nd and 3rd trimester students, who had not had me before explain to a new student how it “works” was cool. As the year went on, and students became more comfortable with the SBG idea and how learning is such a big part of it, there were lots of celebrations of learning. Handing back an assessment to a student to hear them rejoice at a 4, that was cool….or on the flipside, when the student didn’t get a 4 to see a student stomp off in disgust, only to reschedule the assessment and nail it. Those learning moments were amazing. The students had questions about how SBG worked, those challenged my understanding and caused me to seek answers or reflect on what the best practice should be in that situation. 

For myself, this has been a year of tremendous growth as a teacher. I’ve pushed students to mastery of material. Some went along with the idea, some did not. In the general biology classes, mastery learning became the focus. As the year passed, students became better learners because they understood what it took to get a 3. I also became better, because I gave them better statements that defined a 3. The “I can” statements that accompanied a unit was a big jump for both of us. The students had, in their hand, statements that corralled them into what a 3 or 4 would look like. Early in the year, I struggled with how best to give timely meaningful feed back to students. I chose to use Moodle a lot for assessments. It gave them and me immediate feedback on MC types of questions…but MC questions don’t always get to the heart of understanding. I tried using Google Forms, but those are slick for collecting answers, but not so much for the feedback portion. I used Moodle to download and upload documents, I used documents on a flash drive they would hand in, I had students email me work. The technology of my classroom limited some of the feedback tools. I will continue to refine the best way to give students timely feedback. I’ve fallen for spreadsheets to track student progress and work, especially conditional formatting that you can use to disaggregate data to look at what standards a student has yet to master. Campus has been a struggle to allow the reflection of growth efficiently and effectively, but unless there is a major change in that over the summer…..I think I’ve got it figured out.

I look forward to a second year with SBG in the works. There was a lot of stumble, trial and fail in this past year. But as I’ve said to students, failure is a good thing. When you can fix what you’ve done wrong and make a better product, you’ve learned something.

Friday, June 21, 2013

You Can't Go Back.......Look Forward, Move Forward

Looking Into The Future
Having just returned from #flipcon13, my brain hasn't ached that much since Analytical Chemistry back in the day.

It stared with training about "how to" create a video on Day 1, provided by #techsmith, then morphed into a thousand conversations about all things learning and teaching.

Steve Kelly and and Zach Cresswell, were sitting at a table having brefkast next to me, the next thing I know we're talking about flipped instruction and standards based grades with bacon fat dripping from our hands and chins. If you are going to start the day to talk about impactful things, what better way than with bacon fat coating surfaces of your body. That's the kind of PD I'm talking about that happened all day everyday of #flipcon13. It wasn't always bacon grease, sometimes it was cream cheese or mayonnaise, but the conversations were amazing.

We sat as colleagues, really talking about grading, assessment, what is best for students, what our classrooms looked like and what they could look like, what we've tried and succeeded, what we failed at and what we want to try. The hundreds of us present and the hundreds of us virtual all thinking, I mean really thinking about what is best for our students. This is an understatement of reality: it was powerful. Lots of conferences have been in the career timeline I've followed, none like this.

Those of you at #flipcon13 recognize that the singularity of purpose was intense and exhausting.....and rewarding. Singularity of teachers, regardless of discipline, grade level, technoskill: the purpose was to explore, question and seek. Words don't do the experience justice.

So, now what?

I'm sorting through my notes/websites/jottings to figure out where my students can go........

...more of them and less of me....

I flipped last year and implemented standards based grades in my biology classroom, what will be different and be upgraded?

Things to do:

  • project/problem based learning....gotta do some
  • make it more relevant
  • create dissonance in their brains so they will ask some questions and seek some answers
  • be asynchronous
  • give students feedback to aid in their learning
  • build relationships
  • more.......
I process slowly. 

Needing time on the mower, weeding the garden, cleaning toilets: it is going to be while until I've sorted my thoughts for this next year.

But the cool thing is, I'm looking forward, moving forward, thinking forward.

Thanks #flipcon13 and all the people who are part of PLN.

Tuesday, January 1, 2013

Learning and Knowing

From Sam Watterson
Take a look at what Calvin has to say, and think about what we do everyday.

We decide what students need to know.

We is big, really big. It is more than me, more than the local district, Minnesota Science Standards, National Science Education Standards.......that decision includes all of those things and more.

My own subjective thoughts and how I learned biology, from home, elementary to high school, undergrad to grad school frame what happens in my classroom.

Does that help or hurt, when answering Calvin's question, "Why don't I learn what I want to know?"

I've been pushing students to master the standards, to become "proficient" or more. Most students have done a great job of figuring that out, what that looks like and what is required. Learning has been the focus, not the grade.

BUT...... I need to do a better job of providing the connection to their lives. Students are born curious, about things that interest them and more often than not, what I'm curious about is not what they are curious about.

I don't understand that.....saying sarcastically. Why aren't then curious about the same cool stuff?

We (the same WE) know that when students are asking the questions, they are primed and ready. That is the resolution for 2013: create better hooks to let questions be asked and answered by students.

What will that look like in the classroom? I'm pretty sure it will look like more PBL and inquiry and who knows...... and more student lead questions, creating the asynchronous classroom where students are doing learning at their pace and interests, within and without the frameworks of standards. The last part of the previous statement is kind of yucky, because it is still putting a box around my students. I take a little consolation in the fact it has been raised to feeling, conscious level.

Dassel Cokato biology students been on break, but I've not really ever discontinued the thoughts of my classroom and how to make this a better science experience for all students.

I'm looking forward to 2013.

Thursday, December 20, 2012

"Free" Water and Do-Overs

Wall Drug Founder Ted Hustead
The topic lately has been the movement of molecules across membranes.

Students struggle with the concepts of concentration gradient, the terms hypotonic and hypertonic and the movement of water in osmosis.

Kaitlyn had scored a 3 on the summative assessment and score 23 out of 27 points to earn the 3. She felt that didn't reflect on what learning had occurred.

She sat down during our FLEX period, which is a guided study hall at the end of the day. I asked  what she found interesting and confusing about the business of biological membrane transport. Kaitlyn then proceeded to rattle off ideas and concepts about ion channels and protein pumps and how they changed shape due to ATP being used.

Here was a clear example of what the assessment had not shown. This student had a clear and genuine mastery of the concepts. It was a cool conversation for me and I think she felt proud of what had been learned and demonstrated.

The fist bump between us was a celebration of moving her grade to 4.

(Some of the students get the reference when discussing the movement of "free water" in cells and the "free ice water" you get at Wall Drug, South Dakota)....some of the students, but it makes me laugh.

One Under the Belt, Not Below

Due to details to gory to mention, I've been away from this for a couple of weeks. That doesn't mean I've not thought about this push toward "two sigma", because I think about it daily, hourly, minutely....

The biology class has one trimester under it's belt. So what did that look like?

It was a lot of work. It was a lot of work. There was a lot of work involved, and then more.

What did I get out of all this work?

  1. I know my students better than at any point in my career. I had close conversation with many on a daily basis about science and what they understood and more importantly what they didn't understand.
  2. The learning curve was sharp and log based for both the students and myself. Post course survey gave me clear data that they understood what SBG was about. It didn't take them long to change their brains to figure out what they needed to do for learning. (That doesn't necessarily mean they did it, but they understood what it took).
  3. Students are still reluctant learners by themselves. Many still want me to "tell" them what they need to know, instead of trusting the standards and rubrics to guide them to learning. I fear that will be the case with every class, every year, unless our school moves to SBG across the board.
  4. Explaining SBG got better and easier for myself, students and parents as we dove in. I had vision, but needed the doing to figure out really what it was going to look like. One of the coolest moments happened at the start of Trimester 2, when new students arrived and the experienced explained how it all work. That was reward.
  5. Students are working toward mastery and beyond. In the last weeks of the trimester, I met with students before school, during passing time, over lunch, during FLEX, and after school to get things done and get to proficiency. For some it was about the grade, for many it was about the learning: post course survey showed that.
  6. I still have a long way to go to get to "Flipped Mastery Classroom".
  7. The work was good.
  8. Students generated a lot of evidence. I don't like our grading software, with the way it is set up and the way it looks to students and parents. Since almost everything was formative, there was a lot of evidence to show growth and change over time. I included almost all of the formative work in the gradebook. It was only there for practice, but demonstrated so much learning.
  9. I've learned to love spreadsheets with conditional formatting. I can make the data jump out and help students get to mastery more quickly.
  10. Moodle has become my enemy and my friend. The organization is quirky and bulky, but the information that I've grabbed from using Moodle quizzes has focused learning on the things that need to be learned.
The rewards of getting to know and understand my students' learning has far exceeded what I thought would happen this year.

Good work, it has been.